In Search of Law in Women’s and Gender Studies: Toward Critical Womanist Legal Studies
Mots-clés :
field formation / institutionalization / legal studies / transdisciplinarity / women’s studiesRésumé
In the context of recent critiques of Women’s and Gender Studies’ (WGS) institutionalization within the academy, this article foregrounds the role that a transdisciplinary and critical womanist legal studies may play in addressing some of the most significant concerns. It discusses the contours of a research approach, building on previous work in WGS as it intersects with critical legal scholarship from other locations in the academy with similar goals, purposes, and commitments to social justice. It also assesses the extent to which legal studies are evidenced in current published works in WGS journals and emphasizes how an increased emphasis on such scholarship permits researchers to usefully explore significant concerns in the field, including the operation of power and privilege, possible interventions in dominant cultural discourses, and legal constructions of intersecting roles of race, gender, class, and sexuality. Further, the article suggests that transdisciplinary critical womanist legal studies may help to address concerns that the successful institutionalization of WGS has narrowed the field’s focus, blunted its critical edge, and separated academic work from grassroots communities and political action.
Résumé
Dans le contexte des récentes critiques de l’institutionnalisation des Études sur le genre et les femmes (EGF) au sein du milieu universitaire, cet article met en avant le rôle que peuvent jouer les études juridiques transdisciplinaires et critiques du « womanism » pour aborder certaines des préoccupations les plus importantes. Il discute des contours d’une approche de recherche, s’appuyant sur des travaux antérieurs en EGF et de leurs recoupements avec des connaissances juridiques critiques d’autres domaines du milieu universitaire ayant des buts, des objectifs et des engagements semblables envers la justice sociale. Il évalue également dans quelle mesure les études juridiques sont représentées dans les travaux actuels publiés dans les revues EGF et souligne comment une insistance accrue sur ce savoir permet aux chercheurs d’explorer utilement des préoccupations importantes dans ce domaine, y compris le fonctionnement du pouvoir et des privilèges, les interventions possibles dans les discours culturels dominants et les constructions juridiques des rôles entrecroisés liés à la race, au sexe, à la classe et à la sexualité. En outre, cet article suggère que des études juridiques transdisciplinaires et critiques du « womanism » peuvent aider à aborder les préoccupations que l’institutionnalisation réussie des EGF a rétréci la portée du domaine, émoussé son énergie critique et isolé les travaux universitaires des communautés de base et de l’action politique.
Statistiques
Références
Alexander-Floyd, Nikol G. 2010. “Critical Race Black Feminism: A ‘Jurisprudence of Resistance’ and the Transformation of the Academy.” Signs 35 (4): 810-820.
Baker, Carrie N. 2008. The Women’s Movement against Sexual Harassment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bender, Steven W., and Francisco Valdes. 2012. “Afterword: At and Beyond Fifteen—Mapping LatCrit Theory, Community, and Praxis.” Berkeley La Raza Law Journal 22 (1): 301-344.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice, translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
___. 1985. “The Social Space and the Genesis of Groups.” Theory & Society 14 (6): 723-744.
___. 1987. “The Force of Law: Toward a Sociology of the Juridical Field,” translated by Richard Terdiman. Hastings Law Journal 38: 805-853.
Braithwaite, Ann. 2012. “Discipline.” In Rethinking Women’s and Gender Studies, edited by Catherine M. Orr, Ann Braithwaite, and Diane Lichtenstein, 209-224. New York, NY: Routledge.
Brown, Wendy. 2008. “The Impossibility of Women’s Studies.” In Women’s Studies on the Edge, edited by Joan Wallach Scott, 17-38. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 140: 139-167.
___. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43: 1241-1299.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams. 2011. “Twenty Years of Critical Race Theory: Looking Back to Move Forward.” Connecticut Law Review 43 (5): 1255-1352.
Delgado, Richard. 1987. “The Ethereal Scholar: Does Critical Legal Studies Have What Minorities Want?” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 22: 301-322.
Dölling, Irene, and Sabine Hark. 2000. “She Who Speaks Shadow Speaks Truth: Transdisciplinarity in Women’s and Gender Studies. Signs 25 (4): 1195-1198.
Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Gabel, Peter. 2009. “Critical Legal Studies as a Spiritual Practice.” Pepperdine Law Review 36 (5): 515-533.
___. 2013. Another Way of Seeing: Essays on Transformin
g Law, Politics, and Culture. New Orleans, LA: Quid Pro Quo Books.
Gabel, Peter, and Paul Harris. 1989. “Building Power and Breaking Images: Critical Legal Theory and the Practice of Law.” In Critical Legal Studies, edited by Allan C. Hutchinson, 303-322. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.
Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York, NY: Basic Books.
___. 1983. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New, York, NY: Basic Books.
Hawkesworth, Mary. 2010. “From Constitutive Outside to the Politics of Extinction: Critical Race Theory, Feminist Theory, and Political Theory.” Political Research Quarterly 63 (3): 686-696.
___. 2011. “Signs 2005-2015: Reflections on the Nature and Global Reach of Interdisciplinary Feminist Knowledge Production.” Signs 36 (3): 511-519.
Hernandez-Truyol, Berta Esperanza. 2008. “The Gender Bend: Culture, Sex, and Sexuality: A LatCritical Human Rights Map of Latina/o Border Crossings.” Indiana Law Journal 83 (4): 1283-1331.
Inniss, Lolita Buckner. 2012. “’Other Spaces’ in Legal Pedagogy.” Harvard Journal on Racial and Ethnic Justice 28: 67-89.
Keating, AnaLouise. 2009. “From Intersections to Interconnections: Lessons for Transformation from This Bridge Called My Back: Radical Writings by Women of Color.” In The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy through Race, Class and Gender, edited by Michelle Tracy Berger and Kathleen Guidroz, 81-99. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
___. 2013. Transformation Now! Toward a Post-Oppositional Politics of Change. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Kelman, Mark. 1989. “Trashing.” In Critical Legal Studies, edited by Allan C. Hutchinson, 209-226. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.
Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky, and Agatha Beins, eds. 2005a. Women’s Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
___. 2005b. “Introduction.” In Women’s Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics, edited by Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy and Agatha Beins, 1-28. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Kessler, Mark. 2007. “Free Speech Doctrine in American Political Culture: A Critical Legal Geography of Cultural Politics.” Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal 6 (2): 205-244.
Kitch, Sally L., and Mary Margaret Fonow. 2012. “Analyzing Women’s Studies Dissertations: Methodologies, Epistemologies, and Field Formation.” Signs 38 (1): 99-126.
Leavy, Patricia. 2011. Essentials of Transdisciplinary Research: Using Problem-Centered Methodologies. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Lichtenstein, Diane. 2012. “Interdisciplinarity.” In Rethinking Women’s and Gender Studies, edited by Catherine M. Orr, Ann Braithwaite, and Diane Lichtenstein, 34-50. New York, NY: Routledge.
Lopez, Gerald. 1992. Rebellious Lawyering: One Chicano’s Vision of Progressive Law Practice. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Lopez, Ian Haney. 2003. Racism on Trial: The Chicano Fight for Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
___. 2006. White by Law: The Legal Construction of Race. New York, NY: New York University Press.
Maparyan, Layli. 2012a. “Feminism.” In Rethinking Women’s and Gender Studies, edited by Catherine M. Orr, Ann Braithwaite, and Diane Lichtenstein, 17-33. New York, NY: Routledge.
___. 2012b. The Womanist Idea. New York, NY: Routledge.
Martin, Biddy. 2008. “Success and Its Failures.” In Women’s Studies on the Edge, edited by Joan Wallach Scott, 169-197. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Matsuda, Mari. 1987. “Looking to the Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations.” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 22: 323-399.
Messer-Davidow, Ellen. 2002. Disciplining Feminism: From Social Activism to Academic Discourse. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Orr, Catherine M. 2012. “Activism.” In Rethinking Women’s and Gender Studies, edited by Catherine M. Orr, Ann Braithwaite, and Diane Lichtenstein, 85-101. New York, NY: Routledge.
Orr, Catherine M., Ann Braithwaite, and Diane Lichtenstein, eds. 2012. Rethinking Women’s and Gender Studies. New York, NY: Routledge.
Pascoe, Peggy. 2009. What Comes Naturally: Miscegenation Law and the Making of Race in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Pliley, Jessica R. 2014. Policing Sexuality: The Mann Act and the Making of the FBI. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rowe, Aimee Carillo. 2008. Power Lines: On the Subject of Feminist Alliances. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
___. 2012. “Institutionalization.” In Rethinking Women’s and Gender Studies, edited by Catherine M. Orr, Ann Braithwaite, and Diane Lichtenstein, 293-309. New York, NY: Routledge.
Sarat, Austin, and Jonathan Simon, eds. 2003. Cultural Analysis, Cultural Studies, and the Law: Moving Beyond Legal Realism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Scott, Joan Wallach, ed. 2008. Women’s Studies on the Edge. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Sewell, William H. Jr. 1992. “A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation.” American Journal of Sociology 98 (1): 1-29.
___. 1999. “The Concept of Culture.” In Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture, edited by Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt, 35-61. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Smart, Carol. 1989. Feminism and the Power of Law. New York, NY: Routledge.
Su, Julie A., and Eric K. Yamamoto. 2002. “Critical Coalitions: Theory and Practice.” In Crossroads, Directions, and a New Critical Race Theory, edited by Francisco Valdes, Jerome McCristal Culp, and Angela P. Harris, 379-392. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Trubek, David M. 1990. “Back to the Future: The Short, Happy Life of the Law and Society Movement.” Florida State University Law Review 18 (1): 1-55.
Tushnet, Mark. 1984. “An Essay on Rights.” Texas Law Review 62: 1363-1403.
___. 1991. “Critical Legal Studies: A Political History.” Yale Law Journal 100 (5): 1515-1544.
Valdes, Francisco. 2000. “Outsider Scholars, Legal Theory and OutCrit Perspectivity: Postsubordination Vision as Jurisprudential Method.” DePaul Law Review 49: 831-845.
___. 2012. “Rebellious Knowledge Production, Academic Activism, and Outsider Democracy: From Principles to Practices in LatCrit Theory, 1995 to 2008.” Seattle Journal for Social Justice 8 (1): 131-172.
Valdes, Francisco, Jerome McCristal Culp, and Angela P. Harris. 2002. Crossroads, Directions, and a New Critical Race Theory. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Wedeen, Lisa. 2002. “Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science.” American Political Science Review 96 (4): 713-728.
Wiegman, Robyn, ed. 2002a. Women’s Studies on Its Own. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
___. 2002b. “Academic Feminism against Itself.” NWSA Journal 14 (2): 18-37.
___. 2005. “The Possibility of Women’s Studies.” In Women’s Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics, edited by Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy and Agatha Beins, 40-60. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Williams, Patricia J. 1987. “Alchemical Notes: Reconstructing Ideals from Deconstructed Rights.” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 22: 401-431.
Wing, Adrien Katherine, ed. 2003. Critical Race Feminism. New York, NY: New York University Press.
Zimmerman, Bonnie. 2005. “Beyond Dualisms: Some Thoughts about the Future of Women’s Studies.” In Women’s Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics, edited by Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy and Agatha Beins, 31-39. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
APPENDIX A
Law-Related Articles in Eight Leading Women’s Studies Journals, 2008-2013
Feminist Formations [2010-2013]
Halva-Neubauer, Glen A., and Sara L. Zeigler. 2010. “Promoting Fetal Personhood: The Rhetorical and Legislative Strategies of the Pro-Life Movement after Planned Parenthood v. Casey.” Feminist Formations 22 (2): 101-123.
Shehadeh, Lamia Rustum. 2011. “Gender-Relevant Legal Change in Lebanon.” Feminist Formations 23 (1): 210-228.
Strobl, Staci. 2011. “Progressive or Neo-Traditional? Policewomen in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries.” Feminist Formations 23 (1): 51-74.
Ahmed, Fauzia Erfan. 2013. “The Compassionate Courtroom: Feminist Governance, Discourse, and Islam in a Bangladeshi Shalish.” Feminist Formations 25 (1): 157-183.
Feminist Studies
García-López, Gladys, and Denise A. Segura. 2008. “‘They Are Testing You All the Time’: Negotiating Dual Femininities among Chicana Attorneys.” Feminist Studies 34 (1/2): 229-258.
Maddali, Anita Ortiz. 2008. “Sophia’s Choice: Problems Faced by Female Asylum-Seekers and Their U.S.-Citizen Children.” Feminist Studies 34 (1/2): 277-290.
Elmore, Cindy. 2010. “On and On, Over and Over: The Gender War in Child Support Enforcement Court.” Feminist Studies 36 (2): 397-403.
Evans, Jennifer V. 2010. “Decriminalization, Seduction, and ‘Unnatural Desire’ in East Germany.” Feminist Studies 36 (3): 553-577.
Myers, Polly Reed. 2010. “Jane Doe v. Boeing Company: Transsexuality and Compulsory Gendering in Corporate Capitalism.” Feminist Studies 36 (3): 493-517.
Moeller, Robert G. 2010. “The Regulation of Male Homosexuality in Postwar East and West Germany: An Introduction.” Feminist Studies 36 (3): 521-527.
Moeller, Robert G. 2010. “Private Acts, Public Anxieties, and the Fight to Decriminalize Male Homosexuality in West Germany.” Feminist Studies 36 (3): 528-552.
Basu, Srimati. 2011. “Sexual Property: Staging Rape and Marriage in Indian Law and Feminist Theory.” Feminist Studies 37 (1): 185-211.
Ludlow, Jeannie. 2012. “Love and Goodness: Toward a New Abortion Politics.” Feminist Studies 38 (2): 474-483.
Frontiers
Zeigler, Sara L., and Kendra B. Stewart. 2009. “Positioning Women’s Rights within Asylum Policy.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 30 (2): 115-142.
Genders
Shahani, Nishant. 2009. “Section 377 and the ‘Trouble with Statism’: Legal Intervention and Queer Performativity in Contemporary India.” Genders 50: 1-27.
Wlodarczyk, Justyna. 2010. “Manufacturing Hysteria: The Import of U.S. Abortion Rhetorics to Poland.” Genders 52: 1-40.
Springer, Kimberly. 2011. “Policing Black Women’s Sexual Expression.” Genders 54: 62-73.
Hypatia
Grebowicz, Margret. 2011. “Democracy and Pornography: On Speech, Rights, Privacies, and Pleasures in Conflict.” Hypatia 26 (1): 150-165.
Gauthier, Jeffrey. 2011. “Prostitution, Sexual Autonomy, and Sex Discrimination.” Hypatia 26 (1): 166-186.
Monahan, Camille. 2013 “The Failure of the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification in Cross-Gender Prison Guard Cases: A Problem beyond Equal Employment Opportunity.” Hypatia 28 (1): 101-121.
Denike, Margaret. 2008. “The Human Rights of Others: Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and ‘Just Causes’ for the ‘War on Terror’.” Hypatia 23 (2): 95-121.
Meridians
Sudbury, Julia. 2009. “Maroon Abolitionists: Black Gender-oppressed Activists in the Anti-Prison Movement in the U.S. and Canada.” Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 9 (1): 1-29.
Lodhia, Sharmila. 2009. “Legal Frankensteins and Monstrous Women: Judicial Narratives of the ‘Family in Crisis’.” Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 9 (2): 102-129.
Meiners, Erica R. 2009. “Never Innocent: Feminist Trouble with Sex Offender Registries and Protection in a Prison Nation.” Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 9 (2): 31-62.
Price, Kimala. 2010. “What is Reproductive Justice?: How Women of Color Activists Are Redefining the Pro-Choice Paradigm.” Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 10 (2): 42-65.
NWSA Journal [2008-2009]
Ludlow, Jeannie. 2008. “Sometimes, It’s a Child and a Choice: Toward an Embodied Abortion Praxis.” NWSA Journal 20 (1): 26-50.
Lawston, Jodie Michelle. 2008. “Women, the Criminal Justice System, and Incarceration: Processes of Power, Silence, and Resistance.” NWSA Journal 20 (2): 1-18.
Schlesinger, Tract. 2008. “Equality at the Price of Justice.” NWSA Journal 20 (2): 27-47.
Block, Diana, Urszula Wislanka, Cassie Pierson, and Pam Fadem. 2008. “The Fire Inside: Newsletter of the California Coalition for Women Prisoners.” NWSA Journal 20 (2): 48-70.
Reynolds, Marylee. 2008. “The War on Drugs, Prison Building, and Globalization: Catalysts for the Global Incarceration of Women.” NWSA Journal 20 (2): 72-95.
Irving, Toni. 2008. “Decoding Black Women: Policing Practices and Rape Prosecution on the Streets of Philadelphia.” NWSA Journal 20 (2): 100-120.
Deeb-Sossa, Natalie, and Heather Kane. 2009. “Not Avoiding a ‘Sensitive Topic’: Strategies to Teach about Women’s Reproductive Rights.” NWSA Journal 21 (1): 151-177.
Slagter, Janet Trapp, and Kathryn Forbes. 2009. “Sexual Harassment Policy, Bureaucratic Audit Culture, and Women’s Studies.” NWSA Journal 21 (2): 144-170.
Gardner, Susan K. 2009. “Coming Out of the Sexual Harassment Closet: One Woman’s Story of Politics and Change in Higher Education.” NWSA Journal 21 (2): 171-195.
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society
Berger, Susan A. 2009. “Production and Reproduction of Gender and Sexuality in Legal Discourses of Asylum in the United States.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 34(3): 659-685.
Smith, Anna Marie. 2009. “Reproductive Technology, Family Law, and the Post-Welfare State: The California Same-Sex Parents’ Rights “Victories” of 2005.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society. 34 (4): 827-850.
Alexander-Floyd, Nikol G. 2010. “Critical Race Black Feminism: A ‘Jurisprudence of Resistance’ and the Transformation of the Academy.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 35 (4): 810-820.
Roggeband, Conny. 2010. “The Victim-Agent Dilemma: How Migrant Women’s Organizations in the Netherlands Deal with a Contradictory Policy Frame.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 35 (4): 943-967.
Bernstein, Elizabeth. 2010. “Militarized Humanitarianism Meets Carceral Feminism: The Politics of Sex, Rights, and Freedom in Contemporary Antitrafficking Campaigns.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 36 (1): 45-71.
Haney, Lynne A. 2010. “Working through Mass Incarceration: Gender and the Politics of Prison Labor from East to West.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 36 (1): 73-97.
Fadlalla, Amal Hassan. 2011. “State of Vulnerability and Humanitarian Visibility on the Verge of Sudan’s Secession: Lubna’s Pants and the Transnational Politics of Rights and Dissent.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 37 (1): 159-184.
Basu, Srimati. 2012. “Judges of Normality: Mediating Marriage in the Family Courts of Kolkata, India.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 37 (2): 469-492.
Koomen, Jonneke. 2013. “’Without These Women, the Tribunal Cannot Do Anything’: The Politics of Witness Testimony on Sexual Violence at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 38 (2): 253-277.
Cho, Sumi, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, and Leslie McCall. 2013. “Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 38 (4): 785-810.
Carbado, Devon W. 2013. “Colorblind Intersectionality.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 38 (4): 811-845.
MacKinnon, Catharine A. 2013. “Intersectionality as Method: A Note.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 38 (4): 1019-1030.
Spade, Dean. 2013. “Intersectional Resistance and Law Reform.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society 38 (4): 1031-1055.
Women’s Studies Quarterly
Jackson, Jessi Lee, and Erica R. Meiners. 2011. “Fear and Loathing: Public Feelings in Antiprison Work.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 39 (1/2): 270-291.
Miller, J. Hillis. 2011. “Resignifying Excitable Speech.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 39 (1/2): 223-227.
Loeb, Elizabeth. 2008. “Cutting It Off: Bodily Integrity, Identity Disorders, and the Sovereign Stakes of Corporeal Desire in U.S. Law.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 36 (3/4): 44-64.
Sears, Clare. 2008. “Electric Brilliancy: Cross-Dressing Law and Freak Show Displays in Nineteenth-Century San Francisco.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 36 (3/4): 170-188.
Currah, Paisley. 2008. “Expecting Bodies: The Pregnant Man and Transgender Exclusion from the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 36 (3/4): 330-337.
Ratliff, Clancy. 2009. “Policing Miscarriage: Infertility Blogging, Rhetorical Enclaves, and the Case of House Bill 1677.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 37 (1/2): 125-146.
Culbertson, Tucker. 2008. “Law and the Emotions: A Conference Report.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 36 (1/2): 331-339.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Les auteurs qui publient dans cette revue acceptent les conditions suivantes:
1. Les auteurs conservent les droits d’auteur et accordent le droit de première publication à la revue. L’œuvre est simultanément sous licence internationale Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 qui permet à d’autres personnes de la partager en citant dans les remerciements l’auteur de l’œuvre et sa publication initiale dans cette revue.
2. Les auteurs savent que les articles publiés dans Atlantis sont indexés et disponibles par le biais de divers outils de recherche universitaires et professionnels, y compris, entre autres, Erudit.
3. Les auteurs peuvent conclure des ententes contractuelles supplémentaires et distinctes pour la distribution non exclusive de la version de l’article publiée par la revue (c’est-à-dire, l’afficher dans un dépôt institutionnel ou la publier dans un livre), en signalant qu’elle a été initialement publiée dans cette revue.
4. Les auteurs sont autorisés et encouragés à prépublier leur œuvre, c’est-à-dire à la publier en ligne (dans un dépôt institutionnel ou sur leur site Web, par exemple) avant et pendant le processus de soumission. Cela peut conduire à des échanges productifs, ainsi qu’à ce que le travail publié soit cité plus tôt et plus souvent. Renseignez-vous davantage ici sur la prépublication.
