“Safety is just a thing men take for granted”: Teaching a Spatial Vocabulary of Equality to Architecture Students
Mots-clés :
safety audit, safety and security, informal surveillance, built environment, gender perceptionsRésumé
AbstractThe focus of this paper is to present a method of teaching architecture students how to learn from conducting a socio-spatial analysis in order to design a safe and secure built environment. This paper illustrates the connections between the learning objectives of a multi-part assignment and issues of citizenship, inclusivity, and equity.
Résumé
L’objet de cet article est de présenter une méthode visant à enseigner aux étudiants en architecture les façons d’apprendre d’une analyse socio-spatiale afin de concevoir un environnement bâti sûr. Cet article illustre les liens entre les objectifs d’apprentissage d’un travail à multiples volets et les enjeux de la citoyenneté, de l’inclusion et de l’équité.
Statistiques
Références
Adams, Maurianne. 2007. “Chapter 2: Pedagogical Frameworks for Social Justice Education.” In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. 2nd edition, edited by Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, and Pat Griffin, 15-33. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Adams, Maurianne, Lee Anne Bell, and Pat Griffin. 2007. “Preface.” In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. 2nd edition, edited by Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, and Pat Griffin, xvii-xxi. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Ahrentzen, Sherry A. 1996. “The F Word in Architecture: Feminist Analyses in/of/for Architecture.” In Reconstructing Architecture. Critical Discourses and Social Practices, Pedagogy and Cultural Practice. Volume 5, edited by Thomas A. Dutton and Lian Hurst Mann, 158-201. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Andrew, Caroline. 2000. “Resisting Boundaries? Using Safety Audits for Women.” In Gendering the City: Women, Boundaries, and Visions of Urban Life, edited by Kristine B. Miranne and Alma H. Young, 157-168. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Ball State University Fact Book. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://cms.bsu.edu/about/factbook.
Boyle, Julie, Catherine Findlay, and Leslie Forsyth. 2004. “An Investigation into Women's Perceptions of Fear and the Design for the Urban Environment.” In Open Space People Space: An International Conference on Inclusive Environments Conference Proceedings. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh College of Art and the School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University.
Burstein, David D. “Change Generation: Emily May, Executive Director, Hollaback!” Last modified December 2010. Accessed September 12, 2013. http://www.fastcompany.com/1710354/change-generation-emily-may-executive-director-hollaback.
Caiazza, Amy. 2005. “Don’t Bowl at Night: Gender, Safety, and Civic Preparation.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30 (2): 1607-1631.
Crysler, C. Greig. 1995. “Critical Pedagogy and Architectural Education.” Journal of Architectural Education 48 (4): 208-217.
Dutton, Thomas A. 1991. “Introduction: Architectural Education, Postmodernism, and Critical Pedagogy.” In Voices in Architectural Education: Cultural Politics and Pedagogy (Critical Studies in Education & Culture), by Thomas A. Dutton, xv-xxix. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
_______. 1996. “Cultural Studies and Critical Pedagogy: Cultural Pedagogy and Architecture.” In Reconstructing Architecture. Critical Discourses and Social Practices, Pedagogy and Cultural Practice. Volume 5, edited by Thomas A. Dutton and Lian Hurst Mann, 158-201. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Fisher, Thomas. 2008. “Public-Interest Architecture: A Needed and Inevitable Change.” In Expanding Architecture. Design as Activism, edited by Bryan Bell and Kate Wakeford, 8-13. New York: Metropolis Books. D.A.P. / Distributed Art Publishers.
Franck, A. Karen. 1989. “A Feminist Approach to Architecture: Women’s Ways of Knowing.” In Architecture: A Place for Women, edited by Ellen Perry Berkeley and Matilda McQuaid, 201-216. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Franck, A. Karen, and Lynn Paxson. 1989. “Women and Urban Public Space. Research, Design, and Policy Issues.” In Public Places and Spaces, edited by Irwin Altman and Erwin H. Zube, 121-146. New York: Plenum Press.
Gordon, T. Margaret, and Stephanie Riger. 1991. “Coping Strategies.” In The Female Fear: The Social Cost of Rape, by Margaret T. Gordon and Stephanie Riger, 90-117. New York: Free Press Books.
“Hollaback!” Accessed April 2015. http://www.ihollaback.org/.
hooks, bell. 2010. “Teaching 1: Critical Thinking.” In Teaching Critical Thinking. Practical Wisdom, by bell hooks, 7-11. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
Kanes Weisman, Leslie. 1992. “The Private Use of Public Space.” In Discrimination by Design: A Feminist Critique of the Man-Made Environment, by Leslie K. Weisman, 67-85. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Klodawsky, Fran. 2013. “Gendered Livelihoods and Inclusive Cities.” In Building Inclusive Cities. Women’s Safety and the Right to the City, edited by Carolyn Whitzman, Crystal Legacy, Caroline Andrew, Fran Klodawsky, Margaret Shaw, and Kalpana Viswanath, 19-34. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Koskela, Hille, and Rachel Pain. 2000. “Revisiting Fear and Place: Women's Fear of Attack and the Built Environment.” Geoforum 31: 269-80.
Leavitt, Jacqueline. 1991. “Chapter 10: Introducing Gender into Architectural Studios.” In Voices in Architectural Education: Cultural Politics and Pedagogy (Critical Studies in Education & Culture), by Thomas A. Dutton, 225-48. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
Listerborn, Carina. 2002. “Understanding the Geography of Women’s Fear: Toward a Reconceptualization of Fear and Space.” In Subjectivities, Knowledges, and Feminist Geographies: The Subjects and Ethics of Social Research, edited by Liz Bondi, 34-43. Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia. 1999. “Hot Spots of Bus Stop Crime. The Importance of Environmental Attributes.” Journal of the American Planning Association 65 (4): 395-411.
_______. 2014. “Fear and Safety in Transit Environments from the Women’s Perspective.” Security Journal 27 (2): 242-56.
Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia, Amanda Bornstein, Camille Fink, Linda Samuels, and Shahin Gerami. 2009. “How to Ease Women’s Fear of Transportation Environments: Case Studies and Best Practices.” In Mineta Transportation Institute Report, 554-87. San Jose, CA: Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies, College of Business, San Jose State University.
May, Emily. 2013. “Game Changers: Harassment Avenger.” TIME. Video. Accessed October 4, 2014. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2091589_2092033_2097270,00.html.
“METRAC: The Metropolitan Action Committee on Violence against Women and Children.” Accessed October 2, 2014. http://www.metrac.org/what-we-do-safety/.
Nasar, Jack, and Bonnie Fisher. 1993. “’Hot Spots’ of Fear and Crime: A Multi-Method Investigation.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 13 (3): 187-206.
Newman, Oscar. 1973. “‘Natural Surveillance’ and ‘Image Milieu’,” In Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design, by Oscar Newman, 78-117. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
Phadke, Shilpa. 2012. “Gendered Usage of Public Spaces: A Case Study of Mumbai.” In The Fear that Stalks:Gender-Based Violence in Public Spaces, edited by Sara Pilot and Lora Prabhu, 51-80. New Delhi, India: Zubaan.
Salama, Ashraf M. 2012. “Evaluation Research as a Mechanism for Critical Inquiry and Knowledge Construction in Architectural and Urban Education.” FORMakademisk 5 (2): 1-12.
_______. 2013. “Seeking New Forms of Pedagogy in Architectural Education.” Field: A Free Journal For Architecture 5 (1): 9-30.
_______. 2015. “Chapter 8: Toward a Theory of Transformative and Critical Pedagogies in Architecture and Beyond.” In Spatial Design Education: New Directions for Pedagogy in Architecture and Beyond, by Ashraf M. Salama, 309-35. Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Company.
Sorensen, Severin, John G. Hayes, and Randall Atlas. 2008. “Understanding CPTED and Situational Crime Prevention.” In 21st Century Security and CPTED: Designing for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Crime Prevention, edited by Randall Atlas, 53-78. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Sur, Piyali. 2014. “Safety in the Urban Outdoors: Women Negotiating Fear of Crime in the City of Kolkata.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 15 (2): 212-26.
Tibaijuka, Anna. 2008. “Forward.” In Women's Safety Audits: What Works and Where? UN- HABITAT For a Better Urban Future, 3. Nairobi, Kenya: Safer Cities Programme, UN Habitat; Montreal Quebec: Women in Cities International; Stockholm: Sida. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, University of Washington Press.
Wekerle, Gerda R., and Carolyn Whitzman. 1995. Safe Cities: Guidelines for Planning, Design, and Management. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Wilson, James Q., and George L. Kelling. 1982. “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety.” Atlantic Monthly 249 (3): 29-38.
Téléchargements
Fichiers supplémentaires
Publié-e
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Les auteurs qui publient dans cette revue acceptent les conditions suivantes:
1. Les auteurs conservent les droits d’auteur et accordent le droit de première publication à la revue. L’œuvre est simultanément sous licence internationale Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 qui permet à d’autres personnes de la partager en citant dans les remerciements l’auteur de l’œuvre et sa publication initiale dans cette revue.
2. Les auteurs savent que les articles publiés dans Atlantis sont indexés et disponibles par le biais de divers outils de recherche universitaires et professionnels, y compris, entre autres, Erudit.
3. Les auteurs peuvent conclure des ententes contractuelles supplémentaires et distinctes pour la distribution non exclusive de la version de l’article publiée par la revue (c’est-à-dire, l’afficher dans un dépôt institutionnel ou la publier dans un livre), en signalant qu’elle a été initialement publiée dans cette revue.
4. Les auteurs sont autorisés et encouragés à prépublier leur œuvre, c’est-à-dire à la publier en ligne (dans un dépôt institutionnel ou sur leur site Web, par exemple) avant et pendant le processus de soumission. Cela peut conduire à des échanges productifs, ainsi qu’à ce que le travail publié soit cité plus tôt et plus souvent. Renseignez-vous davantage ici sur la prépublication.