Moving Beyond Diversity

Using Critical Race Theory and Black Feminist Thought to Foster Black Excellence Through Undergraduate University Admissions

Authors

  • Christopher Stuart Taylor University of Waterloo
  • Grace A. Gomashie University of Waterloo

Keywords:

admissions, anti-Black racism, Black affinity groups, equity and inclusion, restorative justice, systems change

Abstract

This paper argues that concrete actions are needed to address anti-Black racism and foster Black inclusion in Canadian higher education. These pertinent actions should target the systemic barriers faced by Black students when accessing post-secondary institutions. Through our reflections on current admissions practices of research-intensive Ontario-based universities, this paper highlights how currently used frameworks of diversity and inclusion may not be effective in disrupting the myth of meritocracy and mitigating systemic barriers faced by Black undergraduate applicants. We recommend that undergraduate admissions practices be grounded in a critical understanding of the four principles of the Scarborough Charter (Black flourishing, inclusive excellence, mutuality, and accountability) to support Black admissions, and that critical race theory and Black feminist thought be used as frameworks to create specific admissions practices and programs that disrupt anti-Black racism. The paper will generate further discussions on what it means to foster Black inclusion through university admissions and enrolment in a transformative manner.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Christopher Stuart Taylor, University of Waterloo

Christopher Stuart Taylor is the Associate Vice-President of Equity, Diversity, Inclusion & Anti-Racism (EDI-R) at the University of Waterloo. He is also an Assistant Professor in the Department of History. He completed his PhD at Western University (Canada) in History and Migration & Ethnic Relations (MER). His book, Flying Fish in the Great White North: The Autonomous Migration of Black Barbadians, is available from Fernwood Publishing. He also worked in the Ontario Public Service (OPS) and began his career as a Policy Coordinator Intern in the Deputy Minister's Office at the Ministry of Labour. He was the Diversity and Inclusion Coordinator in the Ministry of the Attorney General's Diversity, Inclusion & Accessibility Office; a Senior Policy Advisor at Ontario's Anti-Racism Directorate; and Manager of Social Justice & Change Cluster at the Ontario Correctional Services College. Dr. Taylor is a proud founding member of the University of Waterloo’s Black Faculty Collective (BFC). Twitter/X: @DrCSTaylor

Grace A. Gomashie, University of Waterloo

Grace A. Gomashie, PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for Early Modern Visual Culture, Mount Allison University, Canada, where she researches topics on equity, diversity, inclusion and decolonization. She holds a PhD in Hispanic Linguistics from the University of Western Ontario, Canada, where her doctoral research focused on language vitality in Indigenous communities. She has published in the areas of onomastics, Indigenous language maintenance, Spanish varieties, community studies, and translation studies.

References

Ansley, Frances Lee. 1989. “Stirring the Ashes: Race Class and the Future of Civil Rights Scholarship.” Cornell Law Review 74: 993-1077. http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol74/iss6/1.

Austin, David. 2023. Fear of a Black Nation: Race, Sex, and Security in Sixties Montreal. Second edition. Toronto, Ontario: Between the Lines.

Bailey, Moya and Trudy. 2018. “On Misogynoir: Citation, Erasure, and Plagiarism.” Feminist Media Studies 18(4): 762-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447395.

Brosseau, L. and M. Dewing. 2018. Canadian Multiculturalism. Ottawa: Library of Parliament.

CBC News. 2022. “Nigerian Students Question UPEI’s Requirement for English Proficiency Test.” CBC News. July 20. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/english-test-universities-nigerians-1.6526195.

CBC News. 2021. “Wave of Black Studies Programs at Canadian Universities is a Long Time Coming, Scholars Say.” CBC News. Oct 31. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-black-studies-curriculums-1.6229321.

Cooper, Afua. 2006. The Hanging of Angélique: The Untold Story of Slavery and the Burning of Montréal. 1st ed. Toronto: HarperCollins.

Crenshaw, Kimberlé W. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1(8):139–167. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8.

Crenshaw, Kimberlé W., Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas, eds. 1996. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement . New York: The New Press.

Dei, G.J.S. 2000. “Contesting the Future: Anti-racism and Canadian Diversity.” In 21st Century Canadian Diversity, edited by S.E. Nancoo, 295–319. Mississauga: Canadian Educators’ Press.

Gillborn, David. 2015. “Intersectionality, Critical Race Theory, and the Primacy of Racism: Race, Class, Gender, and Disability in Education.” Qualitative Inquiry 21(3): 277–287.

Gosine, Kevin. 2019. “‘Moving On Up’ in the Age of Neo-Liberalism: Reflections on Black Middle-Class Consciousness and the Implications for Black Unity, Leadership, and Activism.” In African Canadian Leadership: Continuity, Transition, and Transformation, edited by Tamari Kitossa, Erica Lawson, and Philip S.S. Howard, 241-262. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Henry, Natasha. 2021. “Rosalind Hampton, Black Racialization and Resistance at an Elite University.” Historical Studies in Education 33: 101-103. https://doi.org/10.32316/hse-rhe.v33i1.4925.

Henry, Frances, Enakshi Dua, Audrey Kobayashi, Carl James, Peter Li, Howard Ramos, and Malinda S. Smith. 2017. “Race, Racialization, and Indigeneity in Canadian Universities.” Race Ethnicity and Education 20: 300–314.

Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario (HEQCO). 2020. Access to Post-secondary Education. Accessed from https://heqco.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Access_digital-final_FINAL-s.pdf.

Ibrahim, Awad, Tamari Kitossa, Malinda S. Smith, and Handel Kashope Wright, eds. 2022. Nuances of Blackness in the Canadian Academy: Teaching, Learning, and Researching While Black. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487528713.

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. 2022. Study permit: Get the right documents. Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/study-canada/study-permit/get-documents.html.

Irete, Ose. 2022. “African Students Face Higher Financial Burden, Lower Acceptance Rates to Study in Canada.” CBC News. April 18. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/high-burden-of-proof-low-acceptance-rates-african-international-students-1.6420745.

James, Carl E. 2023. “What Did the Multicultural Policies of the Last Century Promise That Need to Be Re-Imagined in Today’s DEDI Post-Secondary World?” Canadian Journal of Education 46 (3): 502–16. https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.6233.

James, C. E., and T. Turner. 2017. Towards Race Equity in Education: The Schooling of Black Students in the Greater Toronto Area. Toronto: York University. https://edu.yorku.ca/files/2017/04/Towards-Race-Equity-in-Education-April-2017.pdf.

Johnson, Michele A., and Aladejebi Funké. 2022. Unsettling the Great White North : Black Canadian History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487529185.

Kitossa, Tamari, Erica Lawson, and Philip S.S. Howard, eds. 2019. African Canadian Leadership: Continuity, Transition, and Transformation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

LaForce, Melanie, Elizabeth Noble, Heather King, Jeanne Century, Courtney Blackwell, Sandra Holt, Ahmed Ibrahim, and Stephanie Loo. 2016. “The Eight Essential Elements of Inclusive STEM High Schools.” International Journal of STEM Education 3: article 21.

Lewis, Stephen. 1992. Report of the Advisor of Race Relations to the Premier of Ontario, Bob Rae. Toronto: Government of Ontario. https://www.siu.on.ca/pdfs/report_of_the_advisor_on_race_relations_to_the_premier_of_ontario_bob_rae.pdf.

Maynard, Robyn. 2017. Policing Black Lives: State Violence in Canada from Slavery to the Present. Winnipeg: Fernwood.

Orford, Stephanie. 2021. “Black Studies Programs You Should Know About.” Toronto Star. Feb 24. https://www.thestar.com/life/black-studies-programs-you-should-know-about/article_8bdb567e-ffbc-52ae-9f14-79e909a3da99.html.

Patel, Leigh. 2021. No Study Without Struggle: Confronting Settler Colonialism in Higher Education. Boston: Beacon Press.

Pollara Strategic Insights. 2021. IRCC Anti-Racism Employee Focus Groups Final Report. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/pwgsc-tpsgc/por-ef/immigration_refugees/2021/122-20-e/POR_122-20-Final_Report_EN.pdf.

Robson, Karen, Reana Maier, Paul Anisef, and Robert S. Brown. 2019. High School Success and Access to Post-secondary Education. Toronto: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.

Scarborough Charter on Anti-Black Racism and Black Inclusion in Canadian Higher Education: Principles, Actions, and Accountabilities. 2021. National Dialogues and Action for Inclusive Higher Education and Communities. https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca.

Shadd, Adrienne L. (Adrienne Lynn), Afua Cooper, Jane Gibson, and Karolyn Smardz Frost. 2009. The Underground Railroad: Next Stop, Toronto! Toronto: Natural Heritage Books.

Statistics Canada. 2022. The Canadian Census: A Rich Portrait of the Country’s Religious and Ethnocultural Diversity. The Daily. Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X. Ottawa. Released October 26, 2022.

Taylor, Christopher Stuart. 2016. Flying Fish in the Great White North: The Autonomous Migration of Black Barbadians. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.

­_____. 2024. “Why DEI in Canada Struggles to Uplift Black People.” The Conversation. May 7. https://theconversation.com/why-dei-in-canada-struggles-to-uplift-black-people-227557.

Thompson, Deborah. 2022. The Long Road Home: On Blackness and Belonging. Toronto: Scribner Canada.

Turcotte, M. 2020. “Results from the 2016 Census: Education and Labour Market Integration of Black Youth in Canada.” Insights on Canadian Society. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75-006-X. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75-006-x/2020001/article/00002-eng.htm.

U15 Canada 2023. U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities website. https://u15.ca.

Walcott, Rinaldo. 2021. On Property. Windsor, Ontario: Biblioasis.

Walker, Barrington. 2020. Race on Trial: Black Defendants in Ontario’s Criminal Courts, 1858-1958. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442667228.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-25