Foremothers of Black Women's Community Organizing in Toronto
Keywords:
African Canadians, National Congress of Black Women, Toronto,Abstract
This essay examines the nature of Black women's activism from 1950 to 1990 in Toronto, Ontario, as revealed in the oral testimony of Rella Braithwaite, Penelope Hodge, and Aileen Williams about the histories of the Canadian Negro Women's Association and the National Congress of Black Women of Canada. Black women's activism was crucial to the economic and political advancement of Black people in Toronto, and organizations developed by Black women activists contributed to nation-building in Canada.Metrics
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are aware that articles published in Atlantis are indexed and made available through various scholarly and professional search tools, including but not limited to Erudit.
3. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
4. Authors are permitted and encouraged to preprint their work, that is, post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process. This can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Read more on preprints here.
