Bloody Burdens: Post-secondary Students and Menstruation on Campus
Keywords:
menstruation, menstruation political and social aspects, menstrual/period products, post-secondary students, menstrual equityAbstract
In this paper, we discuss a qualitative data set that was gathered as part of a survey aiming to document access to menstrual supplies on campus and impacts on students. This research emerged in response to the growing interest in menstrual equity on campus, as well as literature examining student experiences of menstruation in the Global North. Through a thematic analysis, three main themes emerged: menstruation happens on campus, menstruation is managed on campus, and finally, the “solution” to the “problem.” Woven throughout the paper are notes on changes on the campus where the study took place and as the research unfolded—including the installation of barrier-free dispensers. In closing, we offer a postscript on the challenge of simple fixes—such as swapping out dispensers—in relation to addressing supports needed for menstruators. We found that menstruation is a burden that is experienced differentially by students, and outcomes and impacts cannot easily be confined to expected campus spaces, such as toilets. To this end, there is no easy fix, and we should not lose sight of the deeper and ongoing work ahead within post-secondary settings and beyond.
Metrics
References
Bobel, Chris. 2010. New Blood: Third-Wave Feminism and the Politics of Menstruation. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
Bobel, Chris, and Breanna Fahs. 2020. “From Bloodless Respectability to Radical Menstrual Embodiment: Shifting Menstrual Politics from Private to Public.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 45, no. 4: 955-983. http://doi.org/10.1086/707802.
Bryman, A., J. Teevan, and E. Bell. 2009. Social Science Research Methods. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
Campbell, Angela. 2021. “Equity Education Initiatives within Canadian Universities: Promise and Limits.” Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 25, no. 2: 51–61.
Chrisler, J. C. 2011. “Leaks, lumps, and lines: Stigma and women’s bodies.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 35, no. 2: 202–14. http://doi.org/19.1177/036168421097698
Cotropia, C. A. 2019. “Menstruation Management in in United States Schools and Implications for Attendance, Academic Performance, and Health.” Women’s Reproductive Health 6: 289–305.
Delaney, Janice, Mary Jane Lupton, Emily Toth. 1976. The Curse: A Cultural History of Menstruation. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Del Cid-Luque, Marie. 2019. Meet the Douglas College Instructor who is starting conversations surrounding equity and washrooms. Marketing and Communications, Douglas College. https://blog.douglascollege.ca/2019/11/08/meet-the-instructor-behind-douglas-colleges-gender-neutral-washrooms/
Dobie, Cayley. 2016. “College goes gender neutral in washrooms.” New Westminster Record. https://www.newwestrecord.ca/local-news/college-goes-gender-neutral-in-washrooms-3038524
Doucet, Andrea and Natasha Mauthner. 2008. What can be known and how? Narrated subjects and the listening guide. Qualitative Research 8, no. 3: 399–409.
Fahs, Breanne. 2018. “Imagining ugliness: Failed femininities, shame, and disgust written onto the ‘other’ body.” In On the politics of ugliness, edited by S. Rodrigues & E. Przybylo, 237-258. Palgrave Macmillan.
Henry, Frances and Carol Tator. 2009. Racism in the Canadian University: Demanding Social Justice, Inclusion, and Equity. University of Toronto Press.
Ibrahim, Erika. 2022. “Federal government commits to menstrual equity fund.” CBC News, April 8, 2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/menstrual-equity-fund-changing-the-flow-federal-budget-1.6413212.
Khan, Zeba and Niki Oveisi. 2020. “Let’s Talk About Periods: A Critical Analysis of Menstrual Inequities in Canada. Full Report.” Free Periods Canada.
Munro, Alana K., Erin C. Hunter, Syeda Z. Hossain, Melanie Keep. 2021. “A systematic review of the menstrual experiences of university students and the impacts on their education: A global perspective.” PLOS ONE 16, no. 9: 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257333
Okamoto, Nadya. 2018. Period Power: A Manifesto for the Menstrual Movement. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Quinlan, Elizabeth, Andrea Quinlan, Curtis Fogel, Gail Taylor (eds). 2017. Sexual Violence and Canadian Universities: Activism, Institutional Responses, and Strategies for Change. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University Press.
Risling Baldy, Cutcha. 2017. “mini-k’iwh’e:n (For That Purpose—I Consider Things): (Re)writing and (Re)righting Indigenous Menstrual Practices to Intervene on Contemporary Menstrual Discourse and the Politics of Taboo.” Cultural Studies—Critical Methodologies 17, no. 1: 21–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708616638695
Rodrigues, Gabby. 2021. “Ontario partners with Shoppers Drug Mart to offer free menstrual products in schools.” Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/8253070/ontario-free-menstrual-feminine-hygiene-products-schools/
Scala, Francesca. 2020. “The Gender Dynamics of Interest Group Politics: The Case of Canadian Menstruators and the ‘Tampon Tax’.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Sexuality and Canadian Politics, edited by M. Tremblay and J. Everitt, 379-398. Palgrave.
Seaman, Barbara, ed. 2012. Voices of the Women’s Health Movement, Volume One. New York: Seven Stories Press.
Sebert Kuhlmann, A., R. Key, C. Billingsley. 2020. “Students’ menstrual hygiene needs and school attendance in an urban St. Louis, Missouri, district.” Journal of Adolescent Health 133: 238–44.
Shuttle, Penelope and Peter Redgrove. 1978. The Wise Wound. New York: Marion Boyers.
Sommer, Marni, M. Sahin. 2013. “Overcoming the taboo: Advancing the global agenda for menstrual hygiene management for schoolgirls.” American Journal for Public Health 103: 1556–9.
Tronto, Joan. 1994. Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. New York: Routledge.
Weiss-Wolf, Jennifer. 2017. Periods Gone Public: Taking a Stand for Menstrual Equity. New York: Arcade Publishing.
Wootton, Sheralee and Tracy Morison. 2020. “Menstrual Management and the Negotiation of Failed Femininities: A Discursive Study Among Low-Income Young Women in Aotearoa (New Zealand).” Women’s Reproductive Health 7, no. 2: 87-106.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Lisa Smith, Rim Gacimi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are aware that articles published in Atlantis are indexed and made available through various scholarly and professional search tools, including but not limited to Erudit.
3. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
4. Authors are permitted and encouraged to preprint their work, that is, post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process. This can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Read more on preprints here.